Ras相关的C3 肉毒毒素底物1（Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1，Rac1）是Rho GTPase家族 的重要成员。在生理病理情况下，Rac1与神经元可塑性、凋亡、活性氧产生和炎症反应密切相关。越来越 多的研究表明，Rac1在中枢神经系统疾病中发挥重要作用。本文就Rac1调控神经元突触形态和神经元结 构可塑性的生理作用，以及Rac1参与调控中枢神经疾病的病理作用进行综述，为中枢神经系统疾病的早期 诊断与治疗提供新的思路。

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is an important member of the Rho GTPase family. In physiological and pathological cases, Rac1 is closely associated with neuronal plasticity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammatory response. An increasing body of research indicates that Rac1 plays a significant role in diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). This article reviews the physiological role of Rac1 in regulating synaptic morphology and neuronal structural plasticity of neurons, as well as the pathological role of Rac1 in regulating CNS diseases, aiming to provide new insights for the early diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.