脑小血管病（cerebral small vessel disease，CSVD）是导致卒中和痴呆的常见因素。先进的磁共振成像 技术能对CSVD的损伤程度进行更敏感的评价，从而监控疾病进展、为病理生理机制的研究提供更多信 息。本综述首先总结了最新的结构磁共振成像在CSVD的应用，包括弥散磁共振技术及定量磁共振技术。 随后介绍了先进的核磁共振成像技术在评估CSVD患者脑血管功能、脑小动脉本身异常方面的应用。

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common cause of stroke and dementia. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can provide more sensitive assessments of the extent of CSVD damage, thereby facilitating disease monitoring and providing more insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. This review first summarizes the latest applications of structural MRI in CSVD, including diffusion MRI and quantitative MRI techniques. Subsequently, the review introduces the application of advanced MRI techniques for assessing cerebrovascular function and abnormalities associated with the small cerebral arteries in CSVD patients.