血管性痴呆（vascular dementia，VD）是指由脑血管缺血性或出血性改变引起的记忆、认知和行为等 脑区低灌注损伤，进而导致的痴呆症。重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation，rTMS） 是一种无痛且无创的非侵入性神经调控技术，不仅对VD患者的认知功能有益，而且对预防和逆转VD有 一定的作用；rTMS作为一种非药物治疗，已成为VD常用的替代疗法之一。本文就近年来rTMS通过调控 相关信号通路治疗VD的最新研究进展进行系统概述，探讨其潜在作用机制。

Vascular dementia (VD) refers to the dementia caused by cerebral hypoperfusion injuries, such as memory, cognition, and behavior, due to ischemic or hemorrhagic changes in cerebral blood vessels. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, painless neuromodulation technique that not only benefits the cognitive function of VD patients but also plays a certain role in preventing and reversing VD. As a non-pharmacological treatment, rTMS has become one of the common alternative therapies for VD. This article systematically outlines the latest research progress on the treatment of VD by rTMS through regulating related signaling pathways in recent years and discusses its potential mechanism of action.