脑机接口（brain-computer interface，BCI）控制的功能性电刺激（functional electrical stimulation，FES） 是近年来新兴的康复技术，该技术主要通过BCI监测患者大脑发出的运动意图并将其转化为控制信号，然 后驱动FES设备对患者进行相应的电刺激，从而帮助患者实现预期的运动。相对于传统的康复技术，它可 以更有效地促进中枢神经损伤患者的肢体功能恢复。本文就BCI-FES技术、作用机制以及在临床康复中的 应用现状等进行综述，以期为中枢神经系统疾病的康复及BCI-FES的推广使用提供理论依据。

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is an emerging rehabilitation technology in recent years. This technology primarily works by monitoring the motor intention signals emitted from the patient’s brain via BCI and converting these signals into control commands to drive the FES device, thereby helping the patient achieve intended movements through corresponding electrical stimulation. Compared to traditional rehabilitation techniques, it can more effectively promote limb function recovery in patients with central nervous system injuries. This article reviews the technology of BCI-FES, its mechanisms of action, and the current state of its application in clinical rehabilitation, aiming to provide theoretical foundations for the rehabilitation of central nervous system diseases and the promotion and use of BCI-FES.