脊髓损伤致死率和致残率高、治疗耗费大且发病年龄呈现低龄化。现有脊髓损伤的临床治疗效果并 不理想，给社会和家庭带来沉重负担。为进一步改进临床治疗手段，延长并提高脊髓损伤患者的寿命及生 活质量，进一步明确脊髓损伤的病理生理机制必不可少。脊髓损伤的动物模型可较好地模拟脊髓损伤发 生、发展过程，用以探讨脊髓损伤发病和治疗机制。目前已有多种不同的脊髓损伤模型用于脊髓发病机制 和实验性治疗研究，本文对脊髓挫裂伤、脊髓压迫伤和脊髓横断伤等模型的应用和相关研究进展进行总 结，为脊髓损伤模型的选择与制备提供参考。

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality, high treatment cost, and young age of onset. The current clinical treatment effect is not ideal, causing a heavy burden to both society and family. In order to further improve the clinical treatment methods, and prolong and improve the life quality of patients with SCI, it is necessary to further clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of SCI. The animal models of SCI can better simulate different stages of SCI, so as to facilitate the exploration of related pathophysiological mechanisms. Several different SCI models have been used to clarify the pathogenesis and experimental therapeutic treatment of SCI. This review summarizes the research progress and application of spinal cord contusion, spinal cord compression injury and spinal cord transection injury models, so as to offer a reference for a suitable choice and preparation of an SCI model.