脊髓损伤（SCI）常会导致损伤节段以下严重的运动、感觉以及自主功能障碍，甚至导致死亡。由于其 病理机制复杂多样，目前尚无成功的临床治疗方法。近年来，微小RNA（miRNAs）在SCI的治疗中受到越 来越多的关注。外泌体是转移核酸、蛋白质、脂质的细胞和组织之间通信的关键介质，同时miRNAs作为外 泌体主要内容物参与SCI相关的多种病理生理过程。大量研究表明外泌体miRNAs不但治疗SCI效果显 著，而且可以作为早期诊断SCI的生物标志物。

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction below the injured level, and even death. Due to the complexity and diversity of its pathological mechanism, there are no successful clinical treatments. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have received more and more attention in the treatment of SCI. Exosomes are the key communication media between cells and tissues that transfer nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. miRNAs, as the main contents of exosomes, participate in various pathophysiological processes of SCI. A large number of studies have shown that exosomal miRNAs are not only effective in the treatment of SCI, but also could be used as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of SCI.