近年来，血清维生素D 除了经典的调节钙磷代谢外，其对中枢神经系统的保护作用也日益受到关 注。研究发现血清维生素D缺乏与脑小血管病的发生及其脑小血管病相关认知功能障碍的发生发展密切 相关。本综述将从危险因素、影像学表现、临床症状3个方面，阐述血清维生素D对脑小血管病的影响，为 脑小血管病的早期预防和早期干预提供依据。

In recent years, in addition to the effect of regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, the protective effect of serum vitamin D on the central nervous system has also attracted increasing attention. It is found that serum vitamin D deficiency is closely related to the occurrence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and the occurrence and development of cognitive dysfunction related to CSVD. This review will discuss the influence of serum vitamin D on CSVD from three aspects: risk factors, imaging findings and clinical symptoms, and provide basis for early prevention and intervention of CSVD.