中国人口老龄化趋势日益加剧，如何预防和治疗神经退行性疾病成为目前神经科学研究的主要问 题。然而，神经退行性疾病发病机制复杂，目前尚无有效防治措施，营养疗法可能是一种很有前景的策略。 诸多研究表明ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸可能通过调节神经退行性疾病多个病理生理进程发挥神经保护作用。然 而，关于ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸能否防治神经退行性疾病尚存在争议。因此，本研究对ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸调 节神经退行性疾病的最新机制进行综述，讨论引起研究结果异议的原因，为深入探索ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的 药理作用及进一步揭示其在神经退行性疾病的疗效提供依据和方向。

The Chinese population is aging and the trend is becoming increasingly severe. Hence, preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases has become a main focus in the neuroscience field. However, the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complicated, and effective control measures have not been found up to now. Nutritional therapy may be a promising strategy. Many studies had shown that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may exert a neuroprotective role by regulating the pathophysiological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to review the latest mechanisms of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in regulating neurodegenerative diseases, discuss the possible causes for conflicting results in recent studies, explore the specific pharmacological effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and further understand their therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases.