目的：探究家族史阳性、家族史阴性首发未用药的抑郁症患者及健康人群之间神经认知功能差异，从 而明确家族史阳性首发未用药的抑郁症患者特异性神经认知功能危险标记物。方法：入组32例家族史阳 性首发未用药的抑郁症患者，36例家族史阴性首发未用药的抑郁症患者和35例健康志愿者，在经精神科药 物干预前应用成套神经心理状态评估工具在即刻记忆、视觉广度、言语功能、注意力、延时记忆五个维度进 行神经认知功能测评，应用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton anxiety scale，HAMA）和汉密尔顿抑郁量表（Hamilton depression scale，HAMD）进行临床症状测评。结果：家族史阳性与阴性首发未用药的抑郁症患者的即 刻记忆、视觉广度、言语功能、注意力、延时记忆五个神经认知功能维度的得分均明显低于健康人群（P＜ 0.01）。家族史阳性首发未用药的抑郁症患者的即刻记忆、言语功能、注意力得分低于家族史阴性首发未用 药的抑郁症患者（P＜0.05）。Spearman相关分析显示家族史阳性首发未用药的抑郁症患者各个神经认知功 能维度得分与HAMA评分、HAMD评分均无相关性。家族史阴性首发抑郁症患者延时记忆得分与HAMA 评分呈负相关（P＜0.05，r=－0.397），言语功能得分与HAMD评分呈负相关（P＜0.05，r=－0.039）。结论：家 族史阳性首发未用药的抑郁症患者神经认知功能方面可能预先存在的特异性标记，成套神经心理状态评 估工具中的即刻记忆、言语功能、注意力维度可以考虑作为其神经认知危险标记物，其神经认知功能受损 与临床症状可能并无相关性。

To explore the differences in neurocognitive function among patients with first-episode untreated depression who had a positive family history, those with a negative family history, and the healthy population, so as to identify the specific risk markers of neurocognitive function in the patients with first-episode untreated depression and a positive family history. Methods: A total of 32 patients with first-episode untreated depression and a positive family history, 36 patients with first-episode untreated depression and a negative family history, and 35 healthy volunteers were enrolled. The neuropsychological state assessment kit was used to measure neurocognitive function across five domains of immediate memory, visual span, speech function, attention, and delayed memory before psychiatric drug intervention, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) were used to assess clinical symptoms. Results: The scores of immediate memory, visual span, speech function, attention, and delayed memory in the patients with first-episode untreated depression and a positive or negative family history were significantly lower than those in the healthy volunteers (P<0.01). The scores of immediate memory, speech function, and attention in patients with first-episode untreated depression and a positive family history were lower than those in patients with first-episode untreated depression and a negative family history (P<0.05). The results of Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that there were no correlations between the score of each domain of neurocognitive function and HAMA and HAMD scores in patients with first-episode untreated depression and a positive family history. In patients with first-episode untreated depression and a negative family history, the score of delayed memory was negatively correlated with HAMA score (P<0.05, r =－0.397), and the score of speech function was negatively correlated with HAMD score (P<0.05, r=－ 0.039). Conclusion: There may be preexisting specific markers of neurocognitive function in patients with first-episode untreated depression and a positive family history. The immediate memory, speech function, and attention in the neuropsychological state assessment kit can be considered as neurocognitive risk markers. The impaired neurocognitive function may not be correlated with clinical symptoms.