血管性认知障碍的主要形式是脑小血管疾病，而 Binswanger 病是小血管疾病的一个子集。 Binswanger病有一系列特征，是一种谱系障碍，易与其他类型的血管性认知障碍或神经退行性疾病重叠。 从临床、神经心理学、影像学、脑脊液研究中获得的多模态生物标记物有助于早期识别这一亚组，揭示其潜 在的病理机制，指明未来的治疗方向。

Small vessel disease is the most common form of vascular cognitive impairment. Binswanger’s disease is a type of small vessel disease characterized by a series of features that overlap with other types of vascular cognitive impairment or neurodegenerative diseases. Multimodal biomarkers markers obtained from clinical and neuropsychological testing, imaging techniques, and cerebrospinal fluid can help identify Binswanger’s disease, reveal its underlying pathological mechanisms, and indicate future treatment directions.