美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）在中国的脑血管病临床实践、试验研究、医疗质控中已得到 了广泛应用。NIHSS量表自身也在不断改良和完善中，对照NIHSS修订版原文与现在广泛使用的NIHSS 中文量表，发现中文量表的13个项目中有6项需要修订、另外2项需要重译，及时更正并推广正确的中文译 本是全体中国神经科学从业者的责任和义务，为此我们对照NIHSS网站原文逐词逐句进行了校对、对重要 词汇根据神经病学英文原著进行了专业化的解释和翻译，在此基础上，详解了每个项目的检查要点、评分细 则。为使中国神经病学医生更好地理解NIHSS的精髓以促进临床应用和医疗质控，本文同时也对NIHSS 的发展演变和修订变化进行了简要介绍。

NIHSS has been widely used in clinical practice, clinical trial and medical quality control for cerebrovascular diseases in China. Due to the mistranslation or incomprehension of specialized neurological terms such as Stuporous, Obtunded, Extinction, and Inattention etc, 6 of the 13 items in the current used NIHSS Chinese version need to be revised, and the other 2 items need to be retranslated. It is critical to correct and promote the right Chinese translation version of the NIHSS in a timely manner. To that end, we proofread the original NIHSS website word for word and professionalized the interpretation and translation of key vocabulary based on original English neurology. We detailed the examination points and scoring rules for each item based on this. This paper also briefly describes the development, evolution, and revision of NIHSS in order to help Chinese neurologists in better comprehending the essence of NIHSS to support clinical application and medical quality control.