早期研究发现，髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体（MOG-IgG）多存在于水通道蛋白4抗体（AQP4-IgG） 阴性的视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（NMOSD）患者中。随着研究的深入，与MOG抗体相关疾病的临床和影像 学特点被发现与AQP4-IgG阳性的NMOSD有所重叠，又不尽相同。因此，本文总结目前国内外已发表的 MOG-IgG阳性疾病和AQP4-IgG阳性NMOSD患者的研究，比较两者病理生理学、临床和影像学表现及预 后特征，旨在提高对MOG和AQP4抗体阳性患者的鉴别。

Early studies have found that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG) is mostly present in optic neuromyelitis spectrum disease (NMOSD) patients with aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) negative. With further study, the clinical and imaging features of MOG-antibody related diseases have been found to overlap with AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD, but not the same. This paper summarized the studies on patients with MoG-IgG positive diseases and AQP4- IgG positive NMOSD, and compared the pathophysiology, clinical and imaging manifestations and prognostic characteristics of the two, in order to improve the identification of patients with MOG and AQP4 antibody positive.