周围神经疾病的病因复杂。目前，高频超声在周围神经病的诊断甚至治疗中起到了越来越重要的作 用。相比于传统的核磁、电生理检查，高频超声具有直观、动态、低成本等众多优势，而诊断的敏感性和特异 性也在不断地被肯定。本文从周围神经的正常超声表现、周围神经损伤类型、创伤后超声表现、卡压性周围 神经病变的超声表现、周围神经肿瘤病变的超声表现等几个方面探讨神经超声在周围神经病变的诊断、治 疗中的最新进展。

The etiology of peripheral nerve disease is complicated. At present, high-frequency ultrasound plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and even treatment of peripheral neuropathy. Compared with traditional MRI and electrophysiological examination, high-frequency ultrasound has many advantages such as intuitive, dynamic and low-cost, and the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis are also being constantly affirmed. This paper discusses the latest progress of neuro ultrasound in the diagnosis and even treatment of peripheral neuropathy from the aspects of normal peripheral nerve manifestations, types of peripheral nerve injury, post-traumatic ultrasound manifestations, ultrasonic manifestations of compressive peripheral neuropathy, and ultrasonic manifestations of peripheral nerve tumor lesions.