烟雾病是以颈内动脉末端慢性进行性闭塞为特征的临床疾病，随着疾病的进展，通常会导致患者发生 缺血性或出血性卒中。它在东亚地区发病率较高，患者集中在儿童和成人两个年龄段，是一种相对常见的导 致小儿卒中的病因。通过脑血管造影上特定的影像学表现，可以对烟雾病进行诊断，但尚缺乏有效的药物治 疗去逆转或减缓疾病的进展，现阶段烟雾病的有效治疗手段是进行颅内外血管重建手术，可以有效地降低患 者发生脑卒中的风险。既往的研究多集中于探讨成人烟雾病的临床与治疗，儿童烟雾病在临床表现、手术治 疗方案和围术期管理方面均和成人存在一些不同的观点。本文介绍并总结了儿童烟雾病流行病学、病因学、 临床表现和治疗方案等相关的文献。

Moyamoya disease is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by chronic and progressive occlusion of the distal internal carotid artery. As the disease progresses, it often leads to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. The incidence of moyamoya disease is high in East Asia, with cases occurring in both children and adults. It is a relatively common cause of pediatric stroke. Moyamoya disease can be diagnosed through specific imaging findings on cerebral angiography. Effective pharmacological interventions to reverse or decelerate the progression of the disease are currently lacking. The primary treatment option for moyamoya disease is revascularization surgery, which significantly reduces the risk of stroke in patients. Previous studies mainly focused on the clinical aspects and treatments of moyamoya disease in adults. However, children with moyamoya disease exhibit differences from adults in clinical manifestations, surgical treatment strategies, and perioperative management. This review summarizes relevant literature on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment approaches of pediatric moyamoya disease.