近20余年，微创血肿清除技术的发展为脑出血的治疗带来了新的方向。与此同时，微创穿刺和抽吸设 备的研发促进了微创血肿清除技术的发展。本文详细介绍了4种主流微创手术术式（硬通道锥颅穿刺血肿清 除术、定向软通道血肿引流术、神经内镜手术、小骨窗显微手术）的代表性穿刺和抽吸器械。血肿清除的最终 目的应当是实现微创化、可视化、智能化、个体化。目前上市的器械已基本满足微创化和可视化的需求，将来 需要更多的器械革新以实现智能化和个体化的需求，最终实现脑出血微创血肿清除的治疗同质化。

In the past two decades, the development of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hematoma clearance has brought new approaches to the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage. At the same time, the development of minimally invasive puncture and aspiration devices has promoted the development of MIS. This review provides a detailed introduction to the representative puncturing and aspiration instruments for four representative minimally invasive surgical procedures (craniopuncture, stereotactic soft channel puncture and drainage, neuroendoscopic surgery, and small bone window microsurgery). The ultimate goal of hematoma clearance should be achieving minimally invasive, visualizable, intelligent, and individualized treatment. Currently available instruments have met the needs of minimally invasive and visualizable treatment, but in the future, more instrument innovation is needed to achieve intelligent and individualized treatment, so as to ultimately achieve homogenization of minimally invasive hematoma clearance treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage.