目的：探讨学龄前儿童孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）患病的危险因素。方法：选取2019年4月至12月就诊的 100例ASD患儿为ASD组，健康儿童100例为对照组。通过自编调查问卷的方式收集2组的ASD相关因素， 进行组间比较；再选取有差异的指标进行Logistic回归分析，寻找ASD的危险因素。结果：ASD组的养育环 境、母亲焦虑或抑郁、孕期经常使用电脑、母亲生育年龄、全面发育落后及婴幼儿睡眠障碍与对照组的差异有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果发现养育环境、母亲焦虑或抑郁、孕期经常使用电脑、母亲生 育年龄较大、全面发育落后及婴幼儿睡眠障碍均为ASD的危险因素。结论：家庭养育环境、孕妇精神状态、 孕期经常使用电脑、母亲生育年龄较大、儿童全面发育落后及睡眠障碍可能为ASD发病危险因素，需重视以 上危险因素，实现早期筛查、诊断与干预。

To explore the risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in preschool children. Methods: We selected 100 children with ASD from April to December of 2019 as the study group and 100 healthy children as the control group. A questionnaire was administered to both groups to examine the relevant factors for ASD, and data was compared between the two groups. Then, binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for ASD. Results: Comparing the 2 groups, we found a significant difference in the parenting environment, maternal anxiety or depression, computer use during pregnancy, maternal childbearing age, general growth retardation, and infant sleep disorders (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis of these factors showed that the parenting environment, maternal anxiety or depression, frequent use of computers during pregnancy, maternal childbearing age, general growth retardation, and infant sleep disorders were all risk factors for ASD (P<0.05). Conclusion: The risk factors for ASD are related to the parenting environment, mental state of pregnant women, general growth retardation, and infant sleep disorders. Attention should be paid to the above risk factors to achieve an early diagnosis and intervention of ASD.