目的：了解精神分裂症（SCZ）患者的脑白质损害的特点及其与临床症状、认知功能损害之间的关 系。方法：招募精神分裂症患者（SCZ 组）及健康对照（HC 组）各 30 例，对 2 组进行磁共振扩散张量成像 （DTI）扫描，及临床症状评定、SCZ认知功能简明评测量表（BACS）测评；采用优化的空间统计方法（TBSS） 对DTI数据进行分析，分析两组之间DTI扫描结果的差异及其与临床症状、BACS得分的相关性。结果： SCZ 组全脑多处纤维束 FA 值低于对照组（P＜0.05）；左侧小脑上脚 FA 值与符号编码得分呈正相关（r= 0.384，P=0.039）。结论：SCZ患者存在全脑多处白质纤维损害，且部分重要白质纤维损害与认知障碍存在 相关性。

To study characteristics of cerebral white matter damage in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and its correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment. Methods: Total 30 SCZ patients (SCZ group) and 30 healthy controls (HC group) were enrolled. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) were performed in both groups, and optimized Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) was used for analysis. The difference in DTI scans between the two groups was compared, and the correlation between DTI scan results and BACS score was analyzed. Results: The whole brain FA value of the SCZ group was lower than that of the HC group (P<0.05); the FA value of the left superior cerebellar peduncle was positively correlated with the Digit Symbol Coding Task score (r=0.384, P=0.039). Conclusion: SCZ patients suffer extensive white matter fiber damage throughout the whole brain, and damage to certain important white matter fibers is associated with cognitive impairment.