目的：探究放射治疗引起神经系统损伤的临床表现、发生机制及治疗方法。方法：报道放射性神经系 统损伤2例，并结合文献进行回顾性分析。结果：本组放射性脑坏死和放射性臂丛神经损伤各1例，搜索既 往报道的放射性神经系统损伤271例。放射治疗引起的中枢神经系统损伤早期最常见的表现为认知功能 障碍，晚期最常见的表现为脑白质坏死。放射治疗引起的周围神经系统损伤最常见的表现为臂丛神经损 伤。结论：放射性神经系统损伤是放射治疗的常见并发症，值得临床重视并及时给予相应治疗。

To analyze the clinical manifestation, mechanism, and treatment of nervous system injury induced by radiotherapy. Methods: Two cases of radioactive nervous system injury were reported and, combined with relevant literature, retrospectively analyzed. Results: One case showed radioactive brain necrosis and the other showed radioactive brachial plexus injury. We collected data of 271 cases of radioactive nervous system injury. The most common early manifestation of central nervous system injury induced by radiotherapy was cognitive dysfunction, and the most common late manifestation was white matter necrosis. The most common manifestation of peripheral nervous system injury induced by radiotherapy was brachial plexus injury. Conclusion: Radioactive nervous system damage is a common complication of radiotherapy. These neurological complications should be given prompt attention and appropriate treatment.