目的：研究延髓背外侧综合征患者磁共振成像弥散加权成像（DWI）阴性和阳性患者的临床特点。方 法：回顾性分析2012年2月至2017年12月在武汉同济医院住院并确诊为延髓背外侧综合征的患者，根据头 颅磁共振表现将患者分为DWI阳性组和DWI阴性组，比较2组基线资料、临床症状、检验、检查结果及预 后。结果：纳入的43例延髓背外侧综合征患者中，磁共振DWI阳性患者34例，阴性患者9例（20.9%）。2组 间年龄、性别、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟史、既往卒中史、临床症状差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。2组患 者入院血糖、糖化血红蛋白（Hb1AC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、尿酸（UA）、责任血管狭 窄或闭塞出现率、卒中复发率无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。DWI阴性组入院时舒张压及HCY水平低于DWI阳 性组，DWI阴性组从发病到行DWI检查用时短于DWI阳性组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：相较 于DWI阳性患者，DWI阴性的延髓背外侧综合征患者在入院时舒张压及血HCY水平更低，发病至行DWI 检查用时更短。

To study the clinical characteristics in patients diagnosed with lateral medullary syndrome in both negative and positive diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) patients. Methods: Patients given the diagnosis of lateral medullary syndrome from February 2012 to December 2017 in Wuhan Tongji Hospital were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into the DWI-negative group and DWI-positive group based on brain MRI results. Baseline data, clinical presentations, laboratory and image findings, and prognosis were compared between the two groups. Results: Of the 43 patients with lateral medullary syndrome recruited to the study, 34 were DWI-positive and 9 (20.9% ) were DWI-negative. No significant difference was found in age, gender, histories of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, stroke, and clinical symptoms between the two groups (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in blood glucose, Hb1AC, LDL, HDL, UA, stenosis or occlusion rate of responsible blood vessels, and stroke recurrence rate between the two groups (P＞0.05). The diastolic blood pressure at the time of admission and HCY level in DWI-negative patients were significantly lower than those of DWI-positive patients (P<0.05), and the duration from disease onset to DWI screening performance was significantly shorter in DWI-negative patients than in DWI-positive patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of diastolic blood pressure upon admission and HCY in DWI-negative patients were lower than those in DWI-positive patients. The duration from onset to DWI screening in DWI-negative patients was shorter than that in DWI-positive patients.