创伤性颅脑损伤（traumatic brain injury，TBI）是导致多种认知、运动及情绪障碍的常见神经系统疾 病。尽管传统康复手段在一定程度上缓解症状，但在任务多样性、反馈机制与情境还原方面仍存在显著 不足。近年来，虚拟现实（virtual reality，VR）技术因其沉浸式、交互式特点，逐渐成为TBI康复的重要补 充，其在提升训练依从性、构建多功能训练体系方面展现出独特优势。本文系统综述VR在TBI康复中 的应用实践与基础作用机制，重点聚焦其在神经可塑性重建、多感官整合、镜像神经元激活与动机反馈 调控等方面的潜在生理基础，旨在为VR康复技术的优化应用与临床推广提供理论支持与实践参考。

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common neurological disorder that leads to various cognitive, motor, and emotional impairments. Although conventional rehabilitation approaches offer partial symptom relief, they often fall short in task diversity, feedback mechanisms, and ecological validity. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a valuable adjunct in TBI rehabilitation due to its immersive and interactive features. Emerging evidence highlights its unique advantages in enhancing patient engagement and establishing multifunctional training systems. This review systematically examines the clinical applications and underlying mechanisms of VR in TBI rehabilitation, with a particular focus on its potential physiological foundations, including neural plasticity remodeling, multisensory integration, mirror neuron activation, and motivational feedback modulation. The aim is to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for the optimized implementation and clinical translation of VR-based rehabilitation strategies.