目的：通过 Meta 分析评价运动想象脑机接口训练（motor imagery-based brain-computer interface， MI-BCI）对脑卒中后患者上肢功能及日常生活能力的影响，为临床康复实践提供循证依据。方法：计算机 检索中英文数据库（PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、知网、万方、中国生物医学和维普数 据库等），收集建库至2025年4月发表的MI-BCI治疗脑卒中后上肢功能障碍的随机对照试验。由2名研究 者独立筛选文献、提取数据并评估文献质量（采用 Cochrane 偏倚风险评估工具及 PEDro 量表）。并运用 RevMan5.4软件进行Meta分析，以标准均方差（SMD）及其95%置信区间（CI）为效应量，对Fugl-Meyer上肢 评分（FMA-UE）和改良Barthel指数（MBI）进行综合分析，并进行亚组分析与发表偏倚评估。结果：共纳入 14 项随机对照试验。Meta 分析显示，与对照组相比，MI-BCI 能显著改善脑卒中患者的上肢运动功能， FMA-UE 评分（SMD=0.59，95%CI: 0.42～0.76，P＜0.001），并显著改善患者日常生活活动能力，MBI 评分 （SMD=0.80，95%CI: 0.57～1.02，P＜0.001）。亚组分析表明，治疗时长≤30 min 或干预周期≤4 周时， MI-BCI对上肢功能及日常生活能力的改善效果更为显著（均P＜0.001）。纳入文献整体质量较好，未发现 明显发表偏倚。结论：MI-BCI训练能有效改善脑卒中患者的上肢功能及日常生活能力，尤其在治疗时间≤ 30 min、干预周期≤4周时效果更佳。未来需开展更多高质量、长周期随访的研究，以进一步验证其长期疗 效及优化治疗方案。

To evaluate the effects of motor imagery-based brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) training on upper limb function and activities of daily living (ADL) in post-stroke patients through a meta-analysis, providing evidence-based support for clinical rehabilitation practice. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across Chinese and English databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM, VIP, etc.) from their inception to April 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating MI-BCI for upper limb dysfunction after stroke were included. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and PEDro scale. Meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.4 software, using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as effect measures. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and modified Barthel Index (MBI) were synthesized, supplemented by subgroup analysis and publication bias assessment. Results: Fourteen RCTs were included. Meta-analysis revealed that MI-BCI significantly improved upper limb motor function compared to controls, as reflected by FMA-UE scores (SMD=0.59, 95% CI: 0.42～0.76, P<0.001), and enhanced ADL performance indicated by MBI scores (SMD= 0.80, 95% CI: 0.57～1.02, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses demonstrated more pronounced improvements in both outcomes when treatment duration ≤30 minutes or intervention period ≤ 4 weeks (all P<0.001). The overall quality of included studies was favorable, with no significant publication bias detected. Conclusion: MI-BCI training effectively enhances upper limb function and ADL in stroke survivors, particularly with shorter sessions (≤30 minutes) and brief intervention cycles (≤4 weeks). Future research should prioritize high-quality, long-term follow-up studies to validate its sustained efficacy and optimize therapeutic protocols.