磁共振波谱（magnetic resonance spectroscopy，MRS）技术作为一种非侵入性分子影像学手段，能 够定量检测大脑内代谢产物的变化，为神经退行性疾病的机制研究、早期诊断与疗效评估提供了重要依 据。本文综述了MRS在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化及Ⅱ型糖尿病相关认知障碍等疾病中的 应用。研究表明，MRS可检测阿尔茨海默病早期海马区神经递质代谢水平异常；在帕金森病中揭示γ-氨 基丁酸水平变化及其对多巴胺治疗的反应；在多发性硬化中发现与疲劳程度相关的能量代谢改变；在Ⅱ 型糖尿病认知障碍中则显示前额叶代谢物与血糖控制的关联。尽管MRS目前仍受限于灵敏度低、信号 解析复杂等问题，但随着高场强技术、超快序列及多模态联合应用的发展，其在神经退行性疾病的精准 诊断与动态监测中具有广阔前景。

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), as a non-invasive molecular imaging technique, enables the quantitative detection of changes in cerebral metabolites, providing crucial insights into the pathophysiology, early diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the applications of MRS in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 2 diabetes-related cognitive impairment. Studies have shown that MRS can detect early abnormalities in neurotransmitter metabolism in the hippocampus in AD; reveal fluctuations in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and their response to dopamine therapy in PD; identify energy metabolic alterations associated with fatigue severity in MS; and demonstrate associations between prefrontal metabolites and glycemic control in cognitive impairment related to type 2 diabetes. Although currently limited by issues such as low sensitivity and complex signal interpretation, advances in high-field technology, ultra-fast sequences, and multimodal integration suggest broad prospects for MRS in the precise diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases.