缺血性脑卒中是全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一，当前针对其治疗尤其是后遗症的有效
方法尚缺乏。最新研究表明，外囊泡作为天然载体在递送微小RNA（MicroRNA，miRNA）治疗缺血性脑卒
中的应用中显示出显著的神经恢复效果，展现出作为新型治疗方法的巨大前景。因此，本文综述了来自不
同细胞来源的外囊泡与缺血性脑卒中的关系，并探讨了外囊泡在促进卒中后神经发生、免疫调控、血管生成
及抗细胞凋亡中的治疗作用。通过分析最新研究进展，本文为缺血性脑卒中患者提供了一种可行且具有前
瞻性的治疗策略。
Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, yet effective treat
ments—particularly for its sequelae—are still lacking. Emerging evidence highlights the significant potential of
extracellular vesicles (EVs) acting as natural nanocarriers for MicroRNA (miRNA) delivery in promoting neuro
logical recovery after ischemic stroke. This review comprehensively examines the relationships between EVs
from diverse cellular origins and ischemic stroke pathology. We explore their therapeutic roles in enhancing
post-stroke neurogenesis, modulating immune responses, stimulating angiogenesis, and suppressing apoptosis.
By synthesizing recent advances in this field, this paper proposes a promising and forward-looking therapeutic
strategy based on EV-mediated miRNA delivery for patients affected by ischemic stroke.
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