痉挛是一种由牵张反射高兴奋性所致的、以速度依赖的紧张性牵张反射增强伴腱反射亢进为特征的 运动障碍，是上运动神经元损伤患者常见的并发症。对于药物和物理治疗效果不佳的重度痉挛患者，手术 疗法是有效的治疗手段。为了保证手术的顺利进行和良好效果，术前应对患者进行专业的评估。本文总结 了周围神经手术及新兴神经调控技术在痉挛治疗领域的应用及展望。这些技术旨在通过降低肌张力、重新 建立损伤部位与大脑的连接，改善患者的痉挛状态，促进大脑可塑性，对提升患者的生活质量具有重要意 义。

Spasticity is a movement disorder caused by the high excitability of the stretch reflex, which is characterized by the speed-dependent enhancement of the tonic stretch reflex with tendon hyperreflexia. It is a common complication in patients with upper motor neuron injury. Surgical treatment is an effective treatment for patients with severe spasticity who fail to respond to drug and physical therapy. In order to ensure the smooth operation and good effect, the patient should be professionally evaluated before operation. This article summarizes the application and prospect of peripheral nerve surgery and emerging neuromodulation techniques in the field of spasm treatment. These techniques aim to improve the spasticity of patients and promote brain plasticity by reducing muscle tension and re-establishing the connection between the injured site and the brain, which is of great significance to improve the quality of life of patients.