中枢神经系统（central nervous system，CNS）疾病以神经血管单元功能障碍及病变为主要特征，是导 致失能和半失能的主要原因。组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1（tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1, TIMP-1）是 基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinases 9，MMP-9）的天然抑制剂，也是维持细胞外基质结构稳态的关 键蛋白之一，对神经血管单元的损伤修复至关重要。最新研究表明，TIMP-1具有不依赖于MMPs途径的功 能，通过与细胞表面受体结合发挥生物学功能成为一种新兴多功能细胞因子。TIMP-1水平变化与CNS疾 病的发生和预后直接相关，以 TIMP-1 为靶点的调控可促进神经血管单元功能的恢复。本文就近年来 TIMP-1在CNS疾病中的研究进展进行综述，以期全面探讨TIMP-1在脑血管损伤、癫痫以及神经退行性疾 病发生发展中的作用及机制。

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, characterized by dysfunction and pathology in neurovascular units, represent a leading cause of disability, with high incidence and protracted courses. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) serve as natural inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and are critical for maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis. Recent research has unveiled novel, MMP-independent functions of TIMP-1, as it acts as a multifaceted cell factor by binding to cell surface receptors. Fluctuations in TIMP-1 levels directly correlate with the occurrence and prognosis of CNS diseases, making TIMP-1 a promising target for promoting neurovascular unit repair. This review summarizes the recent research progress of TIMP-1 in CNS diseases, aiming to comprehensively explore its roles and mechanisms in the development of cerebrovascular injury, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases.