屏气训练是一种通过主动呼吸暂停诱发生理应激的干预手段。近年来，屏气训练在神经科学与运动 医学领域备受关注。研究表明, 屏气训练通过诱导可控性低氧高碳酸血症状态，可激活机体对缺氧的代偿机 制，进而显著提升呼吸、循环及神经系统的适应性能力；其独特的生理应激效应提示，屏气训练或可作为一种 新型、无创的脑缺氧预适应干预策略，为缺血性脑血管病等疾病的防治提供潜在支持。本文梳理了屏气训练 的相关研究，旨在为该领域的进一步研究与实践应用提供全面且深入的参考。

Breath-hold training (BHT) is an intervention involving voluntary apnea that induces physiological stress. In recent years, it has garnered significant attention in both neuroscience and sports medicine. Research indicates that by inducing a controlled state of hypoxia and hypercapnia, BHT activates compensatory mechanisms against oxygen deprivation, substantially enhancing the adaptive capacity of respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems. Its unique physiological stress effects suggest that this practice may serve as a novel, non-invasive strategy for cerebral hypoxic preconditioning, offering potential benefits for preventing and treating conditions like ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. This article reviews relevant studies on BHT to provide a comprehensive reference for further research and practical applications in this field.