精神分裂症是一种复杂且病因未明的慢性精神疾病，目前诊断主要依据患者的临床表现、医生对症 状的观察及评估，缺乏客观的生物学指标，导致临床诊断存在一定困难。近年来，有研究发现免疫炎症反应 在精神分裂症的发病机制中发挥作用，通过抗炎治疗后部分患者的精神分裂症症状可在一定程度上缓解， 免疫细胞在精神疾病诊疗中的作用逐渐受到重视。本文主要综述外周血单个核细胞作为探索精神分裂症 生物标志物的载体在疾病发病机制中的作用及潜在的诊断意义，以期增加对精神分裂症免疫表型理解。

Schizophrenia is a complex chronic mental disease with unknown etiology. At present, the diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical manifestations of patients and the observation and evaluation of symptoms by doctors. There is a lack of objective biological indicators. The validity and reliability of its diagnosis still exist. In recent years, studies have found that immune inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. After anti-inflammatory treatment, the symptoms of some patients with schizophrenia can be alleviated to a certain extent. The role of immune cells in diagnosing and treating mental diseases has gradually been paid more attention. This review focuses on the role and potential diagnostic significance of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as carriers of biomarkers in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, which is helpful to understand the immunophenotype of schizophrenia.