目的：了解垂体生长激素腺瘤肢端肥大症患者的认知功能状态、是否存在认知功能障碍及相关影响 因素。方法：连续收集2021年8月至2022年8月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经外科手术 治疗并经病理证实为生长激素腺瘤的肢端肥大症患者22例，定期对其进行认知功能评价和随访，同期选取 年龄性别相匹配的无功能垂体腺瘤和健康人各22名作为对照，进行回顾性分析。结果：6例（27.3%）肢端肥 大症患者出现轻度认知功能障碍，发生率高于健康人群（P＜0.05）。肢端肥大症患者的认知功能结果低于 健康人群，尤其是在记忆力上（P＜0.05）。肢端肥大症患者术后3个月认知功能改变无显著差异。肿瘤类 型和性别是肢端肥大症和无功能垂体腺瘤患者延迟回忆评分的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论：肢端肥大症患 者轻度认知功能障碍发生率高于健康人群，手术治疗对肢端肥大症患者认知功能没有显著的近期影响。

This study aimed to investigate the differences in cognitive function of patients with acromegaly and non-functioning pituitary adenoma and healthy population, , as well as to determine whether the patients exhibit cognitive impairment and identify any relevant influencing factors. Methods: The clinical data of 22 consecutive patients with acromegaly, each with pathologically confirmed growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma treated surgically at the Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from August 2021 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Meanwhile, 22 age- and gender-matched individuals with non-functioning pituitary adenomas and healthy individuals were selected as controls for the retrospective analysis. All participants underwent regular follow-up involving assessment of cognitive function. Results: Six (27.3%) patients with acromegaly exhibited mild cognitive impairment, and the incidence was higher than that in the healthy population (P<0.05). Cognitive function outcome values were lower in the patients with acromegaly than in the healthy population, especially in terms of memory (P<0.05). At three months postoperatively, there were no significant differences in cognitive function changes in patients with acromegaly. Tumor type and gender were observed to influence delayed recall scores in patients with acromegaly and those with non-functioning pituitary adenoma (P<0.05). Conclusion: In summary, the incidence of mild cognitive dysfunction was higher in patients with acromegaly than in the healthy population. Additionally, there was no significant short-term effect of surgical treatment on cognitive function in patients with acromegaly