目的：探讨肌电图对手部肌肉萎缩的鉴别诊断价值。方法：手部肌肉萎缩患者136例，回顾性分析神 经传导、F波和针电极肌电图检测结果。结果：电生理检查显示尺神经单神经病变29例（21.32%），正中神经 单神经病变24例（17.65%），尺神经合并正中神经病变17例（12.50%），颈椎病2例（1.47%），臂丛神经损伤2 例（1.47%），平山病9例（6.62%），运动神经元病41例（30.15%），肌病7例（5.15%），多发性周围神经病5例 （3.68%）。结论：神经电生理检测可以确定手部肌肉萎缩的病变水平和分布。

To investigate the value of differential diagnosis by electromyography in patients with hand muscle atrophy. Methods: A total of 136 patients with hand muscle atrophy were enrolled. The results of nerve conduction, F wave, and needle electrode electromyography were analyzed. Results: Electrophysiology results showed 29 cases (21.32% ) of ulnar neuropathy, 24 cases (17.65% ) of median neuropathy, 17 cases (12.50%) of ulnar nerve with median nerve damage, 2 cases (1.47%) of cervical spondylosis, 2 cases (1.47%) of brachial plexus injury, 9 cases (6.62%) of Hirayama disease, 41 cases (30.15%) of motor neuron disease, 7 cases (5.15% ) of myopathy, and 5 cases (3.68% ) of multiple peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion: Nerve electrophysiology can be used to determine the degree and distribution of hand muscle atrophy.