目的：探讨神经调节蛋白-1（NRG-1）对早期糖尿病（DM）大鼠视网膜病变神经损伤的保护作用。 方法：SD大鼠30只，随机分成对照（CONT）组、DM组、NRG-1组，每组10只。后两组大鼠采用单次腹腔 注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制备DM模型。造模成功后，NRG-1组玻璃体腔注射人重组NRG-1，CONT组、 DM组玻璃体腔给予等体积生理盐水。4周后，HE染色检测视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）密度，免疫荧光检 测视网膜神经胶质酸性蛋白（GFAP）、微管相关蛋白-2（MAP-2）表达，Western blot 检测视网膜 GFAP、 MAP-2蛋白的相对表达量。结果：与CONT组相比，DM组的GFAP表达明显升高，MAP-2表达及RGC 密度明显下降（均P<0.01）；与DM组相比，NRG-1组的GFAP表达明显下降，MAP-2表达及RGC密度明 显增加（均P<0.01）。结论：NRG-1可能通过抑制胶质细胞活化，上调视网膜MAP-2表达，恢复视网膜 RGC密度，从而对早期DM大鼠视网膜病变神经损伤有保护作用。

To investigate the protective effect of Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) on nerve injury in early diabetic retinopathy rats. Methods: Total 30 SD rats were randomly divided into groups control (CONT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and NRG-1 treatment, with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the last two groups were administered Streptozotocin (STZ) by a single intraperitoneal injection to create the DM model. After successful establishment of the model, the NRG-1 treatment group received intravitreal injections of recombinant NRG-1, and the CONT and DM groups were given equal volume injections of normal saline. Four weeks later, the density of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were detected by HE staining, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2) were detected by immunofluorescence, and relative expression levels of retinal GFAP and MAP-2 were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the CONT group, the DM group showed significantly increased GFAP expression and significantly decreased MAP-2 expression and RGC density (all P<0.01). Compared with the DM group, the NRG-1 group displayed significantly decreased GFAP expression and significantly increased MAP-2 expression and RGC density (all P<0.01). Conclusion: NRG-1 can increase the expression of retinal MAP-2 and restore the density of RGC by inhibiting the activation of glial cells. NRG-1 may have protective effects on the neuropathy of early diabetic retinopathy rats.