目的：探讨青年女性急性缺血性卒中患者的病因分型特点和相关危险因素。方法：回顾性分析急性 缺血性卒中青年女性患者67例（青年女性卒中组）的临床资料，同时随机抽取老年女性卒中患者（老年女性 卒中组）和同期健康体检的青年女性（青年女性对照组）各67例，分析卒中患者的病因分型特点及相关危险 因素。结果：①依据中国缺血性卒中（CISS）分型，青年女性卒中组以大动脉粥样硬化（32.84%）和心源性卒 中（25.37%）为主。②危险因素方面，青年女性卒中组高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化斑块阳性患 者的比例明显低于老年女性卒中组（均P＜0.05），但卒中家族史阳性患者比例高于老年女性卒中组（P＜ 0.05）；青年女性卒中组患者高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症、吸烟、心脏病史、口服避孕药、 先兆性偏头痛和卒中家族史阳性患者的比例明显高于青年女性对照组（均P＜0.05）。③多因素Logistic回 归分析结果显示高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、高同型半胱氨酸血症和吸烟是青年女性卒中的独立危险因素。 结论：青年女性缺血性卒中病因分型构成和相关危险因素与老年女性患者分布不同。早期明确病因分型和 发现危险因素有利于青年女性缺血性卒中的防治。

To investigate the etiology classification features and related risk factors of ischemic stroke in young women. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 67 young female ischemic stroke patients (young stroke group) as well as that of 67 randomly selected elderly female ischemic stroke patients (elderly stroke group) and 67 young female healthy controls (young control group) who underwent routine examination during the same time period. The clinical data of all subjects were analyzed to identify the etiology classification features and related risk factors. Results: (1) According to the Chinese Ischemic Stroke Subclassification (CISS) system, the young stroke group was largely comprised of large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke (32.84%) and cardiogenic stroke (25.37%). (2) The incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, and atherosclerotic plaque were lower in the young stroke group compared to those in the elderly stroke group (all P<0.05), but the proportion of patients with a family history of stroke was higher in the young stroke group than that of the old stroke group (P<0.05). Compared with the young healthy controls, the young stroke patients displayed a higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, smoking, cardiac disease, oral contraceptives, migraine with aura, and family history of stroke (P<0.05). (3) The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteine, and smoking are independent risk factors for stroke in young women. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke etiology classification characteristics and related risk factors in young female patients were different from those in elderly female patients. Early etiological classification and detection of risk factors are beneficial for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke in young women.