重建脊髓损伤后运动功能是神经科学领域面对的重大难题。硬膜外脊髓电刺激能激活脊髓神经网
络，改善运动表现，但现有开环刺激与外周反馈闭环系统均不能实时响应中枢意图，限制了自主运动的实
现。近年来，结合脑-机接口与硬膜外脊髓电刺激的脑脊髓接口技术展现出巨大前景，为实现意图驱动的自
主运动提供了新路径。本文在系统阐述硬膜外脊髓电刺激作用机制、电极位置、刺激参数、刺激模式和闭
环控制系统的基础上，介绍并梳理了脑脊髓接口技术原理及其在临床前和临床研究中的关键证据。通过
技术升级、标准化实验设计、跨学科合作等，脑脊髓接口技术将惠及全世界脊髓损伤患者。
Restoring motor function after spinal cord injury is a major challenge in neuroscience. Epidural spi
nal cord stimulation can activate spinal neural networks and improve motor performance. However, current
open-loop and peripheral feedback closed-loop systems cannot respond in real-time to central intentions. This
limitation restricts independent movement. To address this, recent years have seen the emergence of brain-spinal
cord interface technology, which combines brain-computer interfaces with epidural spinal cord stimulation. This
technology shows tremendous potential, offering a novel pathway for intention-driven movement. In this con
text, this paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of epidural spinal cord stimulation, electrode placement,
stimulation parameters, stimulation modes, and closed-loop control systems. Subsequently, it summarizes the
principles of brain-spinal cord interface technology and key evidence from preclinical and clinical studies.
Through technological advancements, standardized experimental designs, and interdisciplinary collaboration,
brain-spinal cord interface technology is poised to benefit patients with spinal cord injuries worldwide.
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