创伤性脑损伤（traumatic brain injury，TBI）是高死亡率、高致残率的重大脑疾病。TBI所致的继发性 脑损伤一直缺乏有效的治疗方案，是亟待突破的医学难题。目前已有大量关于TBI治疗的研究报道和新 治疗思路出现，但是均未成功转化为临床治疗，TBI继发性脑损伤的临床治疗仍然有待突破。本文主要讨 论了TBI的诊疗现状、治疗研究进展和临床转化困境，旨在为促进TBI的治疗研究提供参考。

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major brain disorder characterized by high mortality and high disability rates. The secondary brain injury caused by TBI has long lacked effective treatment strategies, representing a critical medical challenge that urgently needs to be overcome. Although a substantial amount of research on TBI treatment has been reported and novel therapeutic concepts have emerged, they have not been successfully translated into clinical practice. Therefore, clinical treatment for TBI-induced secondary brain injury remains an area awaiting breakthroughs. This article primarily discusses the current status of TBI diagnosis and treatment, advances in therapeutic research, and the challenges regarding clinical translation, aiming to provide a reference for promoting research into TBI treatment.