惊恐障碍是一种常见的急性焦虑障碍，其突发的惊恐发作严重影响患者日常生活。近年来，脑电图 及事件相关电位（Event-Related Potentials，ERP）技术在揭示惊恐障碍神经机制的研究中发挥了关键作用。 静息态脑电图研究发现惊恐患者存在额叶α波不对称性、脑电微状态异常及脑功能网络连接受损等特征。 而ERP研究则通过Oddball、Go/NoGo、Stroop和Flanker范式等揭示患者在注意分配、抑制控制和错误监测 等认知功能方面的缺陷。然而，现有研究存在方法学异质性大、样本量不足、缺乏纵向设计等局限性。未来 研究应建立标准化研究体系，开展多中心大样本合作，结合高密度脑电、源定位分析及机器学习等先进技 术，并加强纵向追踪研究，以期为惊恐障碍的早期诊断和个体化治疗提供可靠的神经电生理标志物。

Panic disorder is a common acute anxiety disorder characterized by sudden panic attacks that severely impact patients’daily lives. In recent years, electroencephalogram (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERP) techniques have played a crucial role in elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying this condition. Resting-state EEG studies have demonstrated abnormalities such as frontal alpha asymmetry, altered EEG microstates and impaired functional brain network connectivity in patients with panic disorder. Meanwhile, ERP investigations using paradigms such as Oddball, Go/NoGo, Stroop and Flanker have revealed deficits in cognitive functions including attentional allocation, inhibitory control and error monitoring. However, existing research is limited by methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes and a lack of longitudinal designs. Future studies should focus on establishing standardized protocols, promoting multi-center collaborations with larger samples and incorporating advanced techniques such as high-density EEG, source localization, machine learning and longitudinal studies. This integrated approach is critical to identifying reliable neuroelectrophysiological biomarkers for the early diagnosis and personalized treatment of panic disorder.