目的：观察电针“足三里”穴位治疗对重症监护病房获得性衰弱（ICU-acquired weakness，ICU-AW）模 型大鼠腓肠肌病理学及炎性细胞因子的影响，探讨其对ICU-AW的治疗作用及潜在机制。方法：雄性SD 大鼠44只随机分为对照组（12只）、假手术组（12只）、模型组（10只）、电针组（10只）。模型组及电针组采用 盲肠结扎穿刺术诱导ICU-AW大鼠模型；假手术组仅开腹探查后缝合关腹；电针组在造模成功后，每日行 电针刺激双侧足三里，30 min/次，1次/d，连续7 d。观察术后各组大鼠的生存状态。术后第7天处死大鼠， 留取腓肠肌及血清标本；测算体重、腓肠肌湿重及肌肉减少指数（sarcopenia index，SI），HE染色和Masson 染色观察腓肠肌病理学改变，并测算肌纤维横截面积（cross-sectional area，CSA）和胶原容积分数（collagen volume fraction，CVF）；ELISA检测血清及腓肠肌组织中白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β，IL-1β）、IL-6、C反应 蛋白（C-reactive protein，CRP）的水平。结果：①与假手术组比较，模型组大鼠全身状态较差，反抗意识薄 弱，死亡率高（P＜0.05），体重、腓肠肌湿重及 SI、CSA 均降低（P＜0.05），血清、腓肠肌组织中 IL-1β、IL-6、 CRP及CVF均升高（P＜0.05）；病理显示大鼠腓肠肌出现肌纤维萎缩、胶原纤维大量堆积等现象。②与模 型组比较，电针组大鼠存活率升高（P＜0.05），大鼠体重、腓肠肌湿重及SI、CSA高于模型组（P＜0.05），血 清、腓肠肌组织中IL-1β、IL-6、CRP及CVF低于模型组（P＜0.05），大鼠腓肠肌损伤及腓肠肌胶原纤维堆积 程度较模型组低。结论：电针“足三里”穴位可能有助于延缓ICU-AW模型大鼠腓肠肌萎缩，其机制可能与 抑制炎性细胞因子释放，减少胶原纤维生成有关。

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at the“Zusanli”(ST36) acupoint on the pathology of the gastrocnemius muscle and inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of Intensive Care Unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW), and to explore its therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms against ICU-AW. Methods: Forty-four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=12), sham operation group (n=12), model group (n=10), and EA group (n=10). The ICU-AW rat model was established in the model and EA groups via cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The sham operation group underwent laparotomy for exploration followed by closure. After successful modeling, the EA group received daily EA stimulation at bilateral Zusanli acupoints for 30 minutes per session, once a day, for 7 consecutive days. The survival status of rats in each group was observed post-operation. The rats were sacrificed on the 7th postoperative day to collect gastrocnemius muscle and serum samples. Body weight, gastrocnemius wet weight, and the sarcopenia index (SI) were measured. Pathological changes in the gastrocnemius muscle were observed using Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining, while the muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and collagen volume fraction (CVF) were calculated. The levels of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the serum and gastrocnemius tissue were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: (1) Compared with the sham operation group, the model group rats exhibited a poor general condition, weak resistance, and a high mortality rate (P<0.05). Their body weight, gastrocnemius wet weight, SI, and CSA were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, and CVF in the serum and gastrocnemius tissue were significantly increased (P<0.05). Pathological examination revealed muscle fiber atrophy and massive accumulation of collagen fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle. (2) Compared with the model group, the EA group showed an increased survival rate (P<0.05). The body weight, gastrocnemius wet weight, SI, and CSA in the EA group were higher than those in the model group (P<0.05), while the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, and CVF in the serum and gastrocnemius tissue were lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). The degree of gastrocnemius muscle injury and collagen fiber accumulation in the EA group was lower than that in the model group. Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at the “Zusanli”acupoint may help delay gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in ICU-AW model rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine release and the reduction of collagen fiber formation.