执行功能障碍严重影响个体的日常生活与工作，常见于健康老年人及多种精神及神经类疾病患者，这给家庭及社会带来了巨大的负担。因此，执行功能已成为当今研究的一个重要领域。但目前有关其概念、评估方法等尚不统一，许多治疗方法仍在探索。为了深入了解执行功能，本综述旨在总结相关文献，系统介绍执行功能的概念分类、脑网络及神经生物学基础、神经心理学评估及干预方式。理解不同干预方式的作用机制是开发精准治疗方案的关键，本文将重点分析这些干预效果背后的生物学和认知基础，以期为改善执行功能障碍患者的预后，提高其生活质量提供帮助。

Executive dysfunction seriously affects the daily life and work of individuals, which is common in the healthy elderly and patients with a variety of mental and neurological diseases, and brings a huge burden to the family and society. Therefore, executive function has become an important area of research. However, the concept and assessment methods are not unified, and many treatment methods are still being explored. In order to understand executive function in depth, this review aims to summarize the relevant literature and systematically introduce the conceptual classification, brain network basis, neuropsychological assessment and intervention methods of executive function. Understanding the mechanism of action of different intervention modalities is the key to the development of precision treatment programs. This article will focus on analyzing the biological and cognitive basis behind these intervention effects, with a view to improving the prognosis of patients with executive dysfunction, help improve their quality of life.