本文系统综述胰岛素样生长因子-1（insulin-like growth factor-1，IGF-1）在糖尿病及其并发症中的分
子机制与研究进展。IGF-1通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR、MAPK/ERK等多条信号通路，调控细胞增殖、代谢
与存活过程。在糖尿病发生发展中，IGF-1参与调节胰岛β细胞功能、胰岛素敏感性及葡萄糖稳态，其血清
水平与糖尿病患病风险及疾病进程密切相关。在糖尿病并发症方面，IGF-1对糖尿病周围神经病变可能发
挥神经保护作用；而在糖尿病视网膜病变与糖尿病肾病中则呈现双重角色，既可能促进血管增生与病变进
展，亦在一定条件下具有保护效应。综上，IGF-1及其信号通路可作为糖尿病及其并发症潜在的生物标志
物与治疗靶点，未来需进一步开展组织特异性机制研究与临床转化探索，以推动个体化诊疗策略的发展。
In this paper, the molecular mechanism and research progress of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
in diabetes and its complications are systematically reviewed. IGF-1 regulates cell proliferation, metabolism and
survival by activating multiple signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK. In the develop
ment of diabetes, IGF-1 participates in regulating pancreatic beta cell function, insulin sensitivity and glucose
homeostasis, and its serum level is closely related to the risk of diabetes and disease progression. In terms of dia
betes complications, IGF-1 may play a neuroprotective role in peripheral neuropathy; while in retinopathy and
nephropathy, it shows a dual role, which may promote vascular proliferation and disease progression, but also
has protective effects under certain conditions. In summary, IGF-1 and its signaling pathways can be used as po
tential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diabetes and its complications. Future studies need to further ex
plore tissue-specific mechanisms and clinical transformation to promote the development of individualized diag
nosis and treatment strategies.
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