卒中是导致全球致死性和致残性的高危疾病之一。在常规的药物治疗、血管内治疗之外，高压氧治 疗作为最近的热门研究方向之一，被广泛应用于临床的多个领域，如一氧化碳中毒、动脉气体栓塞、听力下 降、气性坏疽、皮片移植、放射性损伤、脑外伤等。但高压氧治疗作为缺血性卒中的治疗方式的证据还需进 一步加强，本文通过文献回顾，从基础研究的角度探讨高压氧治疗对缺血性卒中的有益机制，包括抗神经 炎症、提高氧分压和氧饱和度、抗氧化应激、影响红细胞、减少细胞凋亡与坏死、促进血管生成、改善脑组织 的能量代谢、修复神经元、促进神经发生和保护血脑屏障。

Stroke is one of the high-risk diseases leading to global mortality and disability. Beyond conventional pharmacological therapy and endovascular treatment, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), as one of the recent hot research directions, has been widely applied in multiple clinical fields, including carbon monoxide poisoning, arterial gas embolism, hearing loss, gas gangrene, skin grafting, radiation injury, and traumatic brain injury. However, the evidence supporting HBOT as a treatment modality for ischemic stroke still needs to be further strengthened. Through a literature review, this article explores the beneficial mechanisms of HBOT for ischemic stroke from the perspective of basic research, including anti-neuroinflammation, elevation of oxygen partial pressure and oxygen saturation, anti-oxidative stress, modulation of red blood cells, reduction of apoptosis and necrosis, promotion of angiogenesis, improvement of cerebral tissue energy metabolism, neuronal repair, promotion of neurogenesis, and protection of the blood-brain barrier.